TSPY_DYRE.EKW

 Analysis by: Rika Joi Gregorio

 ALIASES:

Trojan.Zbot(Norton), a variant of Win32/Injector.BNPH trojan(Eset)

 PLATFORM:

Windows

 OVERALL RISK RATING:
 DAMAGE POTENTIAL:
 DISTRIBUTION POTENTIAL:
 REPORTED INFECTION:
 INFORMATION EXPOSURE:

  • Threat Type: Spyware

  • Destructiveness: No

  • Encrypted: Yes

  • In the wild: Yes

  OVERVIEW

Infection Channel:

Downloaded from the Internet

An exploit leveraging CVE-2013-2729 vulnerability leads to the download of this DYREZA malware. This malware is notable for its capability to steal banking and bitcoin information.

To get a one-glance comprehensive view of the behavior of this Spyware, refer to the Threat Diagram shown below.

This spyware may be downloaded from remote sites by other malware.

It connects to certain websites to send and receive information. It deletes itself after execution.

  TECHNICAL DETAILS

File Size:

462,848 bytes

File Type:

EXE

Memory Resident:

Yes

Initial Samples Received Date:

10 Nov 2014

Payload:

Connects to URLs/IPs, Drops files, Steals information

Arrival Details

This spyware may be downloaded from remote site(s) by the following malware:

  • TROJ_PIDIEF.LK
  • TROJ_PIDIEF.UXL
  • TROJ_PIDIEF.YYGA

Installation

This spyware drops the following copies of itself into the affected system and executes them:

  • %Windows%\{random file name}.exe (for Windows XP and lower)
  • %AppDataLocal%\{random file name}.exe (for Vista and higher)

(Note: %Windows% is the Windows folder, where it usually is C:\Windows on all Windows operating system versions.. %AppDataLocal% is the Application Data folder found in Local Settings, where it is usually C:\Documents and Settings\{user name}\Local Settings\Application Data on Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP (32- and 64-bit); C:\Users\{user name}\AppData\Local on Windows Vista (32- and 64-bit), Windows 7 (32- and 64-bit), Windows 8 (32- and 64-bit), Windows 8.1 (32- and 64-bit), Windows Server 2008, and Windows Server 2012.)

It drops the following files:

  • %System%\config\systemprofile\Application Data\{random file name 2}.vas (for Windows XP and lower)
  • %AppDataLocal%\{random file name 3}.vas (for Vista and higher)

(Note: %System% is the Windows system folder, where it usually is C:\Windows\System32 on all Windows operating system versions.. %AppDataLocal% is the Application Data folder found in Local Settings, where it is usually C:\Documents and Settings\{user name}\Local Settings\Application Data on Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP (32- and 64-bit); C:\Users\{user name}\AppData\Local on Windows Vista (32- and 64-bit), Windows 7 (32- and 64-bit), Windows 8 (32- and 64-bit), Windows 8.1 (32- and 64-bit), Windows Server 2008, and Windows Server 2012.)

It adds the following mutexes to ensure that only one of its copies runs at any one time:

  • Global\1g2hk1hyj

It injects codes into the following process(es):

  • explorer.exe

Autostart Technique

This spyware registers itself as a system service to ensure its automatic execution at every system startup by adding the following registry entries:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\
Services\googleupdate
ImagePath = "%Windows%\{random file name}.exe"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\
Services\googleupdate
DisplayName = "Google Update Service"

It adds the following registry entries to enable its automatic execution at every system startup:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
(Default) = "%AppDataLocal%\{random file name}.exe " (for Vista and higher)

It registers as a system service to ensure its automatic execution at every system startup by adding the following registry keys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\
Services\googleupdate(for Windows XP and lower)

Information Theft

This spyware gathers the following data:

  • Host Name
  • Public IP Address
  • OS Version
  • User Name

Other Details

This spyware connects to the following URL(s) to check for an Internet connection:

  • google.com

It connects to the following URL(s) to get the affected system's IP address:

  • http://icanhazip.com

It connects to the following website to send and receive information:

  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.51.224:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.51.224:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.46.50:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.122.128:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.121.205:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.105.122.128:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.98.111:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.121.205:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.98.111:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.35.188:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.122.160:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.126.25:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.110.52:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.122.160:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.126.25:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.110.52:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.122.160
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.202.162:4443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.202.162:443
  • {BLOCKED}.{BLOCKED}.227.37:443

It deletes itself after execution.

NOTES:

It monitors the following browsers:

  • Google Chrome
  • Internet Explorer
  • Mozilla Firefox

This spyware steals important banking/bitcoin information by injecting malicious codes to bank/bitcoin login webpages with URLs containing any of the following:

  • accounts.expresscoin.com/*
  • accounts.expresscoin.com/login*
  • aibinternetbanking.aib.ie/*
  • aibinternetbanking.aib.ie/inet/roi/login.htm*
  • alolb1.arbuthnotlatham.co.uk/*
  • alolb1.arbuthnotlatham.co.uk/IB/Online*
  • anxbtc.com/*
  • bank.barclays.co.uk/*
  • bank.barclays.co.uk/olb/auth/LoginLink.action*
  • banking.ireland-bank.com/*
  • banking.ireland-bank.com/IrelandBankOnline_303/Authentication/Login.aspx*
  • banking.triodos.co.uk/*
  • banking.triodos.co.uk/ib-seam/login.seam*
  • bankofirelandlifeonline.ie/*
  • bankofirelandlifeonline.ie/homepage.jhtml*
  • bitbargain.co.uk/*
  • bitbargain.co.uk/login*
  • bitpay.com/*
  • bitpay.com/merchant-login*
  • blockchain.info/*
  • blockchain.info/wallet/login*
  • bolpp.bankofireland.com/*
  • bolpp.bankofireland.com/Commercial/*
  • btultra.btrl.ro/*
  • btultra.btrl.ro/sign/_mcologon*
  • bureau.bottomline.co.uk/*
  • bureau.bottomline.co.uk/unity/index.aspx*
  • business.co-operativebank.co.uk/*
  • business.co-operativebank.co.uk/corp/BANKAWAY*
  • business.santander.co.uk/*
  • business.santander.co.uk/LGSBBI_NS_ENS/BtoChannelDriver.ssobto*
  • business2.danskebank.co.uk/*
  • business2.danskebank.co.uk/pub/logon/logon.aspx*
  • business2.danskebank.ie/*
  • business2.danskebank.ie/pub/logon/logon.aspx*
  • businessonline.mutualofomahabank.com/*
  • businessonline.mutualofomahabank.com/cb/pages/jsp-ns/login.jsp*
  • butterfieldonline.co.uk*
  • butterfieldonline.co.uk/*
  • cbfm.saas.cashfac.com/*
  • cbfm.saas.cashfac.com/cbfm/Logon.aspx*
  • cbionline.cbi.ae/*
  • cbionline.cbi.ae/bus/security/Welcome.do*
  • charisma.btdirect.ro/*
  • charisma.btdirect.ro/CharismaWEB/_Public/Login.aspx*
  • corporate.adcb.com/*
  • corporate.adcb.com/corporateWeb/login.do*
  • corporate.metrobankonline.co.uk/*
  • corporate.santander.co.uk/*
  • corporate.santander.co.uk/LOGSCU_NS_ENS/BtoChannelDriver.bto*
  • dashboard.gocoin.com/*
  • dashboard.gocoin.com/login*
  • e-access.compassbank.com/*
  • e-access.compassbank.com/bbw/cmserver/welcome/default/verify.cfm*
  • eadibcorp.adib.ae/*
  • eadibcorp.adib.ae/cb/servlet/cb/jsp-ns/login.jsp*
  • esavings.shawbrook.co.uk/*
  • esavings.shawbrook.co.uk/BankFast/Shawbrook*
  • fastbanking.bancpost.ro/*
  • fastbanking.bancpost.ro/iBankWeb/login.jsp*
  • fdonline.co-operativebank.co.uk/*
  • fdonline.co-operativebank.co.uk/corp/BANKAWAY*
  • fidelitytopeka.btbanking.com/*
  • fidelitytopeka.btbanking.com/onlineserv/CM/*
  • home1.ybonline.co.uk/*
  • home1.ybonline.co.uk/raluV8/reglm-web/login.ctl*
  • home2.cybusinessonline.co.uk/*
  • home2.cybusinessonline.co.uk/lmgruV8/ceblm-web/login.ctl*
  • ht.businessonlinepayroll.com/*
  • ht.businessonlinepayroll.com/SPF/login/ee_auth.aspx*
  • ib.btrl.ro/*
  • ib.btrl.ro/BT24/bfo/channel/web/loginframe.jsp*
  • ibank.gtbankuk.com/*
  • ibank.gtbankuk.com/Gaps_UK/Default.aspx*
  • ibank.reliancebankltd.com/*
  • ibank.reliancebankltd.com/logon.aspx*
  • ibank.zenith-bank.co.uk/*
  • ibank.zenith-bank.co.uk/internetbanking/index.jsp*
  • ibb.firsttrustbank1.co.uk/*
  • ibb.firsttrustbank1.co.uk/ibb/controller*
  • ibusinessbanking.aib.ie/*
  • ibusinessbanking.aib.ie/ibb/controller*
  • leumionline.bankleumi.co.uk/*
  • leumionline.bankleumi.co.uk/my.policy*
  • localbitcoins.com/*
  • localbitcoins.com/accounts/login*
  • login.24banking.ro/*
  • login.24banking.ro/casserver/login*
  • login.isso.db.com/*
  • login.isso.db.com/websso/sso_multi_auth_Logon.sso*
  • login.salesforce.com/*
  • login.smartbusiness.ae/*
  • login.smartbusiness.ae/bo-login.jsp*
  • my.sjpbank.co.uk/*
  • my.sjpbank.co.uk/Security/Auth/Logon*
  • net.crediteurope.ro/*
  • net.crediteurope.ro/ibank-cln/do/login/prompt*
  • netbanking.mashreqbank.com/*
  • netbanking.mashreqbank.com/B001/SMELogin.jsp*
  • netbanking.ubluk.com/*
  • netbanking.ubluk.com/Login/Index*
  • northrimbankonline.btbanking.com/*
  • northrimbankonline.btbanking.com/onlineserv/CM/*
  • online.adambank.com/*
  • online.adambank.com/eBankingAdamLogin/login*
  • online.bankofcyprus.co.uk/*
  • online.bankofcyprus.co.uk/netteller/login.faces*
  • online.coutts.com/*
  • online.coutts.com/eBankingCouttsLogin/login*
  • online.dib.ae/*
  • online.dib.ae/webapplication.ui/localoperations/login/loginpage.aspx*
  • online.duncanlawrie.com/*
  • online.duncanlawrie.com/InternetBanking/faces/mdi/login.jsp*
  • online.ebs.ie/*
  • online.ebs.ie/internet/login/index.jsp*
  • online.hoaresbank.co.uk/*
  • online.hoaresbank.co.uk/fi11512/bb/logon*
  • online.kbc.ie/*
  • online.kbc.ie/kbc-online/onlinebanking/login*
  • online.ybs.co.uk/*
  • online.ybs.co.uk/public/authentication/login1.do*
  • onlinebusiness.lloydsbank.co.uk/*
  • onlinebusiness.lloydsbank.co.uk/business/logon/login.jsp*
  • personal.co-operativebank.co.uk/*
  • personal.co-operativebank.co.uk/CBIBSWeb/start.do*
  • retail.santander.co.uk/*
  • retail.santander.co.uk/LOGSUK_NS_ENS/BtoChannelDriver.ssobto*
  • ro.unicreditbanking.net/*
  • ro.unicreditbanking.net/disp*
  • s2b.standardchartered.com/*
  • s2b.standardchartered.com/ssoapp/login.jsp*
  • safello.com/*
  • safello.com/login*
  • santander.hpdsc.com/*
  • santander.hpdsc.com/main*
  • secure.coinjar.com/*
  • secure.coinjar.com/users/sign_in*
  • secure.handelsbanken.com/*
  • secure.handelsbanken.com/bb/glss/servlet/prelogon*
  • secure.internetbanking.ro/*
  • secure.internetbanking.ro/IBK_SMS/Login/LoginFirstStep.aspx*
  • secure.membersaccounts.com/*
  • secure.membersaccounts.com/SELFSERVICE/login.aspx*
  • secure2.alphabank.ro/*
  • secure2.alphabank.ro/corporate/CorpOTPLoginLangRom.jsp*
  • webcmpr.bancopopular.com/*
  • webcmpr.bancopopular.com/K1*
  • www.365online.com/*
  • www.365online.com/online365/spring/authentication*
  • www.arabi-online.net/*
  • www.arabi-online.net/efs/servlet/efs/jsp-ns/login.jsp*
  • www.asbolb.com/*
  • www.asbolb.com/servlet/ASB.ASBServlet*
  • www.barclayswealth.com/*
  • www.barclayswealth.com/login/action/logon/unauthenticated/personal/loginDetailsRouting*
  • www.bitstamp.net/*
  • www.bitstamp.net/account/login*
  • www.boi-bol.com/*
  • www.boi-bol.com/newHome.jsp*
  • www.brdoffice.ro/*
  • www.brdoffice.ro/smartoffice/_mcologon*
  • www.cardonebanking.com/*
  • www.cardonebanking.com/authlogin.aspx*
  • www.caterallenonline.co.uk*
  • www.caterallenonline.co.uk/*
  • www.ceconline.ro/*
  • www.ceconline.ro/smartoffice/logon.htm*
  • www.coinbase.com/*
  • www.coinbase.com/signin*
  • www.corporate-clients.commerzbank.com/*
  • www.corporate-clients.commerzbank.com/S-Portal/SHTML/cdir2/companydirectportal/pgf.html*
  • www.halifax-online.co.uk/*
  • www.halifax-online.co.uk/personal/logon/login.jsp*
  • www.ingonline.com/*
  • www.ingonline.com/ro/!UPR.Dispatcher*
  • www.internationalpayments.co.uk/*
  • www.investbank.ae/*
  • www.investbank.ae/ibank/loginAction.do*
  • www.iombankibanking.com/*
  • www.iombankibanking.com/eai/IPB_EAI_Web/eai*
  • www.kbinternetbanking.com*
  • www.kbinternetbanking.com/*
  • www.natwestibanking.com/*
  • www.natwestibanking.com/eai/IPB_EAI_Web/customerNumber.do*
  • www.onlinebanking.iombank.com/*
  • www.onlinebanking.iombank.com/default.aspx*
  • www.onlinebanking.natwestoffshore.com/*
  • www.onlinebanking.natwestoffshore.com/default.aspx*
  • www.open24.ie/*
  • www.open24.ie/online/login.aspx*
  • www.raiffeisenonline.ro/*
  • www.raiffeisenonline.ro/eBankingWeb/login*
  • www.rbsidigital.com/*
  • www.rbsidigital.com/default.aspx*
  • www.rbsiibanking.com/*
  • www.rbsiibanking.com/ipb/IPB_Client_Web/Start.do*
  • www.suntrust.com/*
  • www.suntrust.com/portal/server.pt*
  • www.svbconnect.com/*
  • www.svbconnect.com/auth*
  • www1.firstdirect.com/*
  • www1.firstdirect.com/1/2/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gDgzAfSycDUy8LAzNDbz8vbzMDKADKR5rFO7s7epiY-wD5YZ6uBp4mTiYGpr5uhgaexmDdFibeBn7enkEuBs4ejiYeHkGGMN0FuaGKAPRSfDc!*
  • www1.rbcbankusa.com/*
  • www1.rbcbankusa.com/cgi-bin/rbaccess/rbunxcgi*
  • www22.bmo.com/*
  • www22.bmo.com/ctpauth/CTPEAILogin/CustUserPasswordAuthServlet*

This spyware connects to the following STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) server in order to determine the public IP address of the compromised computer:

  • stun1.voiceeclipse.net
  • stun.callwithus.com
  • stun.sipgate.net
  • stun.ekiga.net
  • stun.ideasip.com
  • stun.internetcalls.com
  • stun.noc.ams-ix.net
  • stun.phonepower.com
  • stun.voip.aebc.com
  • stun.voipbuster.com
  • stun.voxgratia.org
  • stun.ipshka.com
  • stun.faktortel.com.au
  • stun.iptel.org
  • stun.voipstunt.com
  • stunserver.org
  • 203.183.172.196:3478
  • s1.taraba.net
  • s2.taraba.net
  • stun.l.google.com:19302
  • stun1.l.google.com:19302
  • stun2.l.google.com:19302
  • stun3.l.google.com:19302
  • stun4.l.google.com:19302
  • stun.schlund.de
  • stun.rixtelecom.se
  • stun.voiparound.com
  • numb.viagenie.ca
  • stun.stunprotocol.org
  • stun.2talk.co.nz

  SOLUTION

Minimum Scan Engine:

9.700

Step 1

Before doing any scans, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 users must disable System Restore to allow full scanning of their computers.

Step 2

Note that not all files, folders, and registry keys and entries are installed on your computer during this malware's/spyware's/grayware's execution. This may be due to incomplete installation or other operating system conditions. If you do not find the same files/folders/registry information, please proceed to the next step.

Step 3

Remove malware/grayware files that dropped/downloaded TSPY_DYRE.EKW. (Note: Please skip this step if the threats listed below have already been removed.)

    • TROJ_PIDIEF.LK
    • TROJ_PIDIEF.UXL
    • TROJ_PIDIEF.YYGA

Step 4

Restart in Safe Mode

[ Learn More ]

Step 5

Delete this registry key

[ Learn More ]

Important: Editing the Windows Registry incorrectly can lead to irreversible system malfunction. Please do this step only if you know how or you can ask assistance from your system administrator. Else, check this Microsoft article first before modifying your computer's registry.

 
  • In HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services
    • googleupdate

Step 6

Delete this registry value

[ Learn More ]

Important: Editing the Windows Registry incorrectly can lead to irreversible system malfunction. Please do this step only if you know how or you can ask assistance from your system administrator. Else, check this Microsoft article first before modifying your computer's registry.

  • In HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
    • (Default) = "%AppDataLocal%\{random file name}.exe " (for Vista and higher)

Step 7

Search and delete this file

[ Learn More ]
There may be some files that are hidden. Please make sure you check the Search Hidden Files and Folders checkbox in the "More advanced options" option to include all hidden files and folders in the search result.
  • %System%\config\systemprofile\Application Data\{random file name 2}.vas (for Windows XP and lower)
  • %AppDataLocal%\{random file name 3}.vas (for Vista and higher)

Step 8

Restart in normal mode and scan your computer with your Trend Micro product for files detected as TSPY_DYRE.EKW. If the detected files have already been cleaned, deleted, or quarantined by your Trend Micro product, no further step is required. You may opt to simply delete the quarantined files. Please check this Knowledge Base page for more information.


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