Exploits & Vulnerabilities
Critical SAP Vulnerability Exposes Enterprises
CVE-2025-31324 in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer enables unauthenticated file uploads, exposing systems to RCE and data loss - learn what to do about it.
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Overview
In early 2025, a critical vulnerability—CVE-2025-31324—was disclosed in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer, a widely used tool for building business applications. This vulnerability allows unrestricted file uploads, potentially enabling attackers to upload malicious scripts or executables to the server, leading to remote code execution, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within enterprise networks.
Given SAP’s central role in many organisations’ operations, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to business continuity and data integrity.
Technical Details
CVE-2025-31324 stems from improper validation of file uploads in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer. An attacker can exploit this flaw by uploading a malicious file—such as a web shell or executable—without any restrictions on file type or content. Once uploaded, the attacker can execute the file remotely, gaining unauthorised access to the system.
This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because:
- It can be exploited remotely without authentication.
- It provides a foothold for further attacks, including privilege escalation and lateral movement.
- It targets a platform that often handles sensitive business logic and data.
Why It Matters
SAP systems are often the backbone of enterprise operations, managing everything from finance and HR to supply chain logistics. A successful exploit of CVE-2025-31324 could:
- Disrupt critical business processes.
- Lead to data breaches involving sensitive corporate or customer information.
- Result in regulatory non-compliance and reputational damage.
How Trend Micro Protects You
Trend Micro SAP Scanner
Trend Micro’s SAP Scanner is purpose-built to detect vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in SAP environments. It would have flagged the presence of CVE-2025-31324 by:
- Scanning for exposed upload endpoints.
- Identifying unpatched SAP NetWeaver components.
- Highlighting insecure configurations that allow unrestricted file uploads.
By integrating into your DevSecOps pipeline or running regular scans, the SAP Scanner ensures that vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-31324 are caught before attackers can exploit them.
Trend Vision One™ Platform
The Trend Vision One™ platform provides XDR (Extended Detection and Response) and cyber risk exposure management across endpoints, servers, cloud workloads, and networks. In the case of CVE-2025-31324, it offers:
- Virtual Patching: Trend Micro can apply virtual patches to block exploit attempts even before official SAP patches are available.
- IPS Rules via Deep Security / Server & Workload Protection
- Rule 1012351 - SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability (CVE-2025-31324)
- IPS Rules via TippingPoint filters:
- Filter 45805 - HTTP: Trojan.Shell.PhanlodLogger.A Runtime Detection
- Filter 41642 - HTTP: Generic JSP Command Execution Webshell Payload Detected
- Behavioural Detection: Trend Vision One correlates suspicious activity—such as unexpected file uploads or command execution on SAP servers—and raises alerts.
- Threat Intelligence Integration: Real-time updates ensure that indicators of compromise (IOCs) related to CVE-2025-31324 are recognised and blocked across your environment.
Final Thoughts
CVE-2025-31324 is a stark reminder of the importance of proactive vulnerability management in business-critical applications like SAP. With Trend Micro’s SAP Scanner and Trend Vision One platform, organisations can stay ahead of emerging threats, reduce risk exposure, and maintain operational resilience.
Stay protected. Stay informed. For more insights and updates on critical vulnerabilities, follow the Trend Micro Security News Blog.